©2005,Ann D. Roberts
Many
gardeners, newly transplanted to Alaska, have despaired of ever growing more
than greens that bolt to seed before they’re worth picking, seedlings that just
sit (waiting for warmer weather), or plants killed by frost before they can
produce. The lesson? Gardening in Alaska is different from the “lower 49”
states. But by learning a few things about those differences, any Southcentral
or Kenai Peninsula gardener can find gardening success. And many of the lessons
learned here can help others who garden in far northern states, or even Canada.
A few challenges gardeners face in
this area of Alaska are naturally cool weather, cold soil, and, paradoxically,
too much daylight! Fortunately, solutions are close at hand—a combination of
soil warming techniques and careful variety selection.
Cool Weather
Little can be done about weather,
though soil warming techniques will help a little, and variety selection
(covered later) is very important. The Matanuska Valley may have lush lawns
because of more rain, but don’t think you can skip watering – Anchorage actually
only averages a few inches more water per season than Fairbanks; it is cloud
cover that makes the difference. Cloud cover ensures heat accumulation remains
low in Southcentral and many plants will need greenhouse protection to mature
here. The lower Kenai Peninsula stores up even fewer “heating degree days”.
Permafrost and Cold Soil
In Southcentral and Southeastern
Alaska permafrost (ground that remains frozen all summer) occurs only
sporadically, in isolated and often widely separated masses. A boggy or swampy
surface may indicate the ground is too frozen to allow drainage. But if the
surface insulation (often peat moss) is removed, the permafrost can then melt
down to a level that permits good natural drainage. Unfortunately, soils in
Alaska are cold even where there is no permafrost at all!
10 Soil-Warming Tips
The most frequent recommendations for soil warming are:
-
raised
beds
-
clear plastic
-
lightening heavy soils
(The three items above are discussed more fully in part two of this series)
Other home gardening possibilities
are planting in the sunniest spot, using greenhouses or hot frames, putting
Styrofoam® insulating boards and/or heat tapes below the plants’ root zone, and
utilizing solar collectors. If possible, water with tempered (warmed) water.
For vegetables not under plastic,
sprinkler irrigation is most often recommended for Alaska, as warm air helps
warm sprinkler water. Avoid sprinkling beans, which are particularly susceptible
to soil-born disease organisms, spread by splattering water drops.
Ann D Roberts is the author of Alaska Gardening Guide Vol 1, covering cold
weather gardening in Alaska, with specific growing tips for vegetables. The
book, written and published in Alaska in 2000, is already the “definitive and
indispensable reference guide to every Alaskan gardener.” Readers can check out
its table of contents at
http://AlaskaGardeningGuide.com. Ann is presently working on Vol 2,
covering perennials and lawns. This article may be freely reprinted only if done
so in its entirety, including this final paragraph.
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of the
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